Journal Entry for 15 March

Brian Melton

March 12, 2011

My article this week is “Student Centered Instruction in a Theoretical Statistics Course” and is found at http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v17n3/batesprins.html.  In teaching an introductory statistics course, I am very interested in developing a student centered approach.  Unfortunately, the tendency in an introductory course is more instructor centered due to the fact that many are presented in a lecture format where there are a large number of students, personal interaction with students is difficult unless the student takes the initiative to approach the instructor, and even the classroom, such as a lecture hall, is not as conducive to a student learning approach.

In this article the author conducts her own test by first conducting courses in the first semester using a strictly teacher focused format.  In the second semester, she taught a follow-on course with an alternating approach to teaching.  On Tuesday she would be more centered on a teacher learning approach with primarily lecture to cover the required material.  When the class resumed on Thursday, she adjusted to a student centered approach, where students worked and discussed problems.  She would provide minimal guidance to keep them on track, but for the most part allowed the students to experiment, make mistakes, and learn from those mistakes.  Throughout the semester she would make minor adjustment to her approach when it appeared the students were not engaged at the desired level.  For example, on Tuesday, she would give one problem to turn in on Thursday, and another to be worked by the group on Thursday.  When she realized the students would focus on the assigned turn-in problem, and wait until Thursday to look at the other, she assigned both problems without identifying which one was which.  This forced the students to work both prior to class.

Ultimately the author found that student centered learning was much more time consuming in preparing and thinking through the lesson, however, the class was typically more enjoyable for both the students and the instructor.  The author pointed out that overall grades rose by 2.5% between the two courses, and cited this as evidence that the students had improved learning.

The article was interesting, though I believe the author did not go far enough, and there is a still an open question about how well it would work in an introductory course.  The two courses were actually 400-level level courses, and the class size was only eight students the first semester, of which only four took the second course.  But the author felt the concepts could be applied to introductory courses.  Additionally, with such a small class, I would have preferred to see the teacher use a student approach for the entire course, not just on Thursdays.  With the small number of students, I have doubts about whether a mere 2.5% improvement is really being driven by the student learning approach.

Although I found the idea that we can find ways to teach statistics with a student focused approach, I am still a little skeptical of how well this author’s style could be used in an introductory course.  There were some promising aspects of it from the anecdotal evidence based upon the written feedback the author received from the students, where they felt they were more challenged using the student centered approach.  Still overall, I found the author’s idea that associating this particular teaching experience with what we would find in most introductory level statistics course a bit of a stretch.

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Make a List of What You Know…(journal article)

One of the things we have discussed in class several times and/or have read about is how do you ascertain what your students may already know or don’t know about the subject you are teaching? This is helpful in a number of ways, not the least being that you get some idea of where you need to start, at what level, etc.

I found the following a pretty good idea for doing this. Because it is brief, I am including it below.

I wonder what other ideas you have used along these lines? One thing I did when teaching the Bible is create a fun little quiz that tested what they already knew about the Bible. They didn’t put their names on it but did turn it in (after we went over it). It told me a lot in a very brief time.

Now…for the article: Continue reading

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Peer-Teaching Sessions

29 March: Bass

5 April:  Brian K; Jennifer

12 April: Brian M;  Michael

19 April:  Khanh; Ginny

26 April:

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Mid-Semester Assessment

As another building block on the way to your final teaching portfolio, here are the guidelines for the CTCH 602 mid-semester assessment.  If you would feel more comfortable responding to question (2) anonymously, we can arrange to do this:

  1. At this point in the semester, assess your own learning thus far in CTCH 602.  What are you learning and how are you learning?  What is proving most valuable to you as an individual and why? And how does your learning relate to/help you meet your short-term and long-term goals as a teacher and faculty member in a college or university?
  2. Now think about our learning community as a whole.  What has proven productive for you in the content, the teaching, the approaches to learning, the flow of the semester, etc., and what has not?  What would you like to examine in greater depth and what do you think we might cover in less depth?  What might you want to change and how?
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teaching philosophy revised

Teaching Philosophy

“Tell me and I’ll forget; show me and I may remember; involve me and I’ll understand.”                           -Chinese proverb.

“I never teach my pupils; I only attempt to provide the conditions in which they can learn.”                        –Albert Einstein.

My teaching philosophy is a combination of Einstein and the Chinese proverb. I try to provide conditions for learning by being open and welcoming, and I teach by explaining concepts and involving my students in the learning process.  I share myself with my class by using personal stories as examples and by being open to questions and criticism.  I ask for feedback and adapt teaching techniques to meet the needs of my students.  I am flexible and open to change; if I observe that a portion of a class did not go well, I make a note to myself to change the procedure for the next time. 

My role as a teacher is a storyteller, a guide, a coach, and a partner in learning.  I encourage students to share their stories and experiences with children, and thus I learn from my students as well.  I am so enthusiastic about young children that I hope I inspire and encourage pre-service teachers to enjoy children and want to work with them.

Learning starts at birth, and we learn throughout our lives. Young children are constantly sorting and classifying information as they acquire it; I believe adult learners go through the same process.  Old views and perceptions are altered as new information is absorbed and reflected upon; erroneous concepts are replaced with better understanding.  We learn with all of our senses. Sights, sounds, tastes, smells, touch, and movement all provide the brain with data. In a successful learning situation in higher education content from readings and lectures is assessed and analyzed during personal reflection or collaborative interactions.  Successful learning is evident when students are excited, enjoy participating in class, and can demonstrate applied knowledge. 

Competency in teaching goes beyond sharing a foundation of knowledge in a particular field with others.  The competent teacher respects and supports each student without prejudice or judgment and accepts students at their current level of understanding.  The teacher guides students and encourages them, helping them to find their personal best. 

I believe that teachers should remember that while they may have taught a certain class many times, each new class of students needs to hear the information as if it were the first time.  Tired, uninterested, or condescending teachers do not connect positively with their students; students remember these teachers, but not fondly.  I believe that teachers owe their students the best they have to give each time they have class together. 

My goal for students is that they become enthralled with the world of children and can’t wait to work with them.  For those students who are already working in an early childhood setting, they can take new information and use it right away with young children.  For those who aren’t yet working with children and are contemplating a career path, I hope to help them decide if teaching children is the right choice.  While there will be students who take an early childhood course as an elective, I hope that they know by the end of my class whether they are suited for teaching young children. The ideal outcome of my teaching would be to send an army of well qualified early childhood professionals out into the world to work with small children in family child care, centers, preschools and kindergarten.  Little children and their families deserve the best possible care and education, and early childhood teachers deserve the best possible preparation in their education.

“You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself in any                       direction you choose. You’re on your own. And you know what you know. You are the guy                 who’ll decide where to go.” –Dr. Seuss

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article in yesterday’s Post

Hi Class, Thought I would share this article. I like the way the professor used a student’s concern to make a class assignment more relatable.

College computer science courses jumping on mobile app bandwagon

Jenna Johnson

7 March 2011

The Washington Post

Copyright 2011, The Washington Post Co. All Rights Reserved

BLACKSBURG, Va. – A Virginia Tech software engineering class in 2009 was discussing world problems and how computer science might offer solutions when a student piped up with a personal gripe.

“You know what I hate?” the student said, according to assistant professor Eli Tilevich, who was teaching the class. “I never know when the bus is coming.”

As Virginia Tech and other universities train a new generation of computer scientists, professors are asking students to create programs that address real-life problems, often through handy, smartphone-ready apps. It’s a break from traditional coursework such as sorting lists of numbers or re-creating programs that already exist.  The shift comes as the demand for computer engineers outpaces the number of computer science graduates. Today’s students grew up with computers, yet many view computer science and code writing as dull and unglamorous, professors say.

The Virginia Tech student’s concern about buses, Tilevich said, offered a chance to show students that coding can be relevant. By the end of the semester, the advanced software engineering class had partnered with the city transit system to obtain data from Global Positioning System devices on dozens of city buses. An algorithm soon was predicting arrival times and beaming the information to a prototype mobile application.

“Sometimes as faculty members, we have to step back. We have to let them run wild,” said Tilevich, a former professional clarinet player who blogs about his teaching experiments.

Computer and math fields are expected to add 785,700 jobs between 2008 and 2018, a growth rate twice the average for all occupations, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Computer science majors also will earn higher-than-average salaries.

Yet at Virginia Tech’s computer science job fair last year, there were more open jobs than graduating students, said Barbara G. Ryder, head of the computer science department. “And I don’t think that we’re unusual,” she said.

It wasn’t always like this. In the late 1990s, computer science and computer engineering saw an explosion in enrollment nationwide. Between 1995 and 1997, the number of new computer science students doubled, then continued to grow.

During the 1997-98 school year, there were about 10,000 computer science graduates. By 2003-04, that number was up to nearly 21,000, according to the Computing Research Association’s annual survey of computer science and engineering programs. But then came the dot-com bubble burst and news of technology jobs being sent overseas. By 2006-07, the number of graduates was down to about 12,500. Numbers have ticked up since then, but not by much.

Despite the celebrity of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, computer science is sometimes associated with the boring, humorless programmers in the cartoon strip “Dilbert” or the forgettable ones in the Facebook movie “The Social Network,” who wire themselves into computers while ignoring the world around them.

The problems start in high school. In many districts, computer science is taught through vocational departments, often along with shop class. The NCAA doesn’t recognize computer science as a core course when determining the academic eligibility of student athletes. Computer science also was among the least-taken Advanced Placement tests, with fewer than 19,400 students taking it in 2010. (Chemistry, biology and calculus had test takers in the six digits.)

“The sky is falling in a sense that we’re not engaging kids that we could be engaging,” said Jan Cuny of the National Science Foundation, who is helping to formulate a new AP course. While the current program focuses mostly on Java programming, a new class being piloted at several colleges would focus on problem-solving and creating technology instead of just using it.

“We’ll have no problem interesting kids in doing these things,” Cuny said. “The tough part is getting into the schools.”

For the past few years at Virginia Tech, the computer science department has sent faculty members and undergraduates on high school recruiting trips across the state and hosted workshops for local teachers. The university also organizes engineering summer camps aimed at girls and underrepresented minority students.

The bus project grew out of an advanced undergraduate class in which Tilevich gave this goal for the semester: Create something incredible. Either everyone was going to get an A, or everyone would fail.

The bus tracker app received an A, although it was a prototype when the semester ended, prone to crashing when more than two people tried to use it at the same time.

But then one of the students went to the student government to ask for funding to turn it into a user-friendly program. A candidate for the 2009-10 student presidency, Brandon Carroll, made the bus tracker one of his campaign promises. Carroll won, and the student government voted to give the project $34,800 from a T-shirt fundraiser.

Tilevich and Webb recruited two undergraduates to develop what became the user-friendly VT Bus Tracker. It was released at the beginning of this school year as a text-messaging service, a Web site and apps for three types of smartphones. (An included trick: Text “Let’s go,” and the system replies, “Hokies!”)

The bus tracker app receives about 40,000 hits a day, Tilevich said. It also won undergraduate research awards. The developers became campus heroes for saving fellow students from waiting in the elements for longer than necessary.

“The first couple months, when we showed it to people, their jaws dropped,” said one of the developers, Alex Obenauer, a junior computer science major from Woodbridge. “This is such a great way to show what computer science can do.”               

 johnsonj@washpost.com http://www.washingtonpost.com

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Teaching Portfolios

As I was posting our materials at the end of our last meeting, I managed to kick one of the many cables around the computer which then disconnected the computer (and thus lost our collaborative brainstorming).  I’ve been putting together again as much of our list as I could remember over the last week and please do feel free to jump in and edit this post to include additional items, or to edit those already here.

Purposes:

  • create a narrative of an individual’s teaching and students’ learning
  • record and explain teaching innovation, curriculum development, contributions to disciplinary, program and institutional mission
  • to accompany a job application (highlights)
  • to make a promotion and/or tenure case

Potential Contents (depending on purpose/audience)

  • Table of Contents
  • Executive summary of portfolio as a whole (on the basis of the “tell them what you are going to tell them” theory)
  • Overarching narrative, reflective and analytical, explaining the evidence in the portfolio
  • Teaching philosophy
  • Curriculum vitae
  • Syllabi
  • Sample Assignments
  • Learning materials (could include also web sites, online repositories of learning materials created, etc.)
  • Examples of student work (perhaps with narrative to help readers understand the significance of such work)
  • Development/revisions of courses/learning communities, with explanations of why, how and success of development or revision
  • Collaborative teaching/curriculum development
  • Publications on teaching and learning
  • Awards, plaudits, prizes related to teaching, nominations for awards, etc.
  • Relevant prizes, awards, etc. awarded to students who have studied in your learning communities/classes
  • Grants related to teaching, curriculum development, student learning
  • Mentorship of students (undergraduate research assistants, independent studies supervised, etc.)
  • Institutional student evaluations (no data dumps – provide guidance and highlights of numbers)
  • Samples of, and comments from, individual teacher designed evaluations (mid-semester. end-of-semester)  Example from Center for Teaching Excellence (others via e-mail)
  • Unsolicitied e-mails, “thanks yous” etc. from students
  • Peer observations of classes/learning communities (a series of these over time is very helpful)
  • Letters of recognition from peers, collaborators, departmental/program heads, etc. for teaching and learning
  • Service related to teaching and learning, such as committee work within program or institution
  • Future directions/aspirations
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Reflections on Driscoll chapters 7-8

Walk in Their Shoes

Part of what spoke to me in these chapters was the essential reminder that learning is first and foremost about the learners, the students. In other words, it is student-centered. Part of what this means is that we as teachers need to try to look at all we do or plan from the student’s point of view, or wearing a “student hat” as the book says. I’d call it, “walking in a student’s shoes.”

For this portion of the book, we were challenged to look at how a syllabus would make students feel or how they would read it. How could we develop a syllabus (and thus a whole course, really) that made sense to a student, that was helpful? We often design them from behind a teacher’s podium, when we should work them out while sitting out at a student’s desk. That fundamental perspective makes a tremendous impact on all we design and do. I want to make sure that I try to do this, because it is so easy to fall back into my own world as a teacher.

BIG Questions

I was also reminded again (following up on Bain) of a very effective way to teach and to also design learning outcomes is starting with Continue reading

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Thoughts on Driscoll and Wood 7 and 8

Reflections on Driscoll and Wood Chapters 7-8 

My experience in college so far has been on the receiving end of syllabi.  Some instructions have been clear and easy to understand; some of been very detailed and hard to follow; while others have been so streamlined that I hoped the professor would fill in the details right away so that I would have an idea of what was expected of me. 

A syllabus should be well-organized, detailed enough so that the student understands what will be happening in the semester, yet not too detailed to cause the student to run the other way in horror. Driscoll mentions a student who felt “fear” and “dread” when looking at a syllabus (Driscoll & Wood, 2007, pp 136-137).  I had similar feelings and decided against taking a class last semester after reviewing the previous semester’s syllabus; I didn’t think I would be smart enough or energetic enough to fulfill the assignments in the time allotted. I like the idea of having the students respond to the syllabus anonymously in writing, as was suggested (Driscoll & Wood, p 137).  That would give the professor immediate feedback about the students’ concerns and questions.

The table Dr. Staples devised for her class syllabus shows the class readings, lectures, discussions, and assignments and the different outcomes associated with each (Driscoll & Wood, pp 141-143).  With this kind of detailed explanation of what will be done and why, no one need ask a fellow student [and I’ve heard this in class] “why are we reading this stupid book?”

When Driscoll and her colleagues mapped out the outcome areas and their representation in course syllabi in the Course Alignment Project (pp 163-167), they found gaps in the assignments.  They noticed that not all of the course work in some classes even matched the outcomes.  The mapping of matches of content and outcomes was a clever way to find areas needing improvement. As I was reading this chapter, I questioned whether all outcome areas need to be represented equally. Do all of a course’s projected outcomes hold the same importance, or should some be emphasized over others?  Driscoll notes that not all outcomes are equally important, and that more time and attention should be given to the most important goals; teachers should prioritize their outcomes and decide in which order to present material (p 166).

An example of the above in my field of early childhood education is that one should teach students about little children before teaching them what to do with children. In most cases, Child Development I and II are taught in the first two years of college, sometimes concurrently with curriculum courses such as Music and Movement with Children, Creative Activities with Children, or Science in the Preschool Classroom.  For one of the curriculum classes a teacher could use the course alignment concept by outlining the outcomes, filling in the class readings, activities, and assignments, and then mapping out everything. More weight should be given to child growth and development throughout curriculum courses than the curriculum itself.  For example, if I am planning to teach a group of pre-service preschool teachers about how to teach science to three year old children, I first need to talk to my students about what a three year old child can do, how a three year old thinks, and what is not age appropriate for a three year old.  One wouldn’t expect to teach a three year old how to mix chemicals, but one could put food coloring in water and have children that age mix the colors. 

I am pleased to note that two courses I’m taking this semester each have a very nicely designed syllabus. I know what is expected and when it is due. The readings and assignments are clear.  In both courses, detailed explanation of large assignments has been given in separate documents, which helps me feel more confident in my ability to complete everything than if the instructions were incorporated in the syllabus.

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Journey (draft 2 of teaching philosopy by Bass)

Journey – Draft 2
(For My Students)
By Bass Mitchell

“The world is a book – and those who do not travel read only a page.”
-St. Augustine

“I soon learned that no journey carries me far unless,
as it extends into the world around us,
it goes an equal distance to the world within.”
-Lillian Smith

I’ll miss the sea, but a person needs new experiences.
They jar something deep inside, allowing him to grow.
Without change something sleeps inside us, and seldom awakens.
The sleeper must awaken.
(Duke Leto Arteides to his son, Paul, in Frank Herbert’s, “Dune.”)

“Father… father, the sleeper has awakened!”
(Paul Arteides after he has made the journey to Dune)

Who are you?
You are a traveler. You were made to journey and be forever changed on it.
Since the very first moment you came into being,
You were made to grow, to explore, to discover, to dream, to be challenged, to learn of all that is without and to become all that it is in you to be.
You were created to journey to new lands, to new places and peoples, but also to those inner lands, to the depths of your heart, mind and soul.
You were made to stand firmly upon the earth, but also to look up to and reach for the stars. Continue reading

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