Khanh on Teaching Philosophy – Revised

I believe learning is an act of investment in one’s self – an emotional and intellectual account into which one diligently makes a daily deposit. The value of that learning deposit has three main components that I, as a teacher, will strive to help my students possess:

  • Knowledge Mastery: this is learning about the bread and butter, the core, of the subject. Here I help students find their paths to learn about, and explore deeply into, the established facts and relationships of the domain
  • Personal Transformation: this is how the above Knowledge  Mastery of the domain can affect the student as a learner, e.g., for many students to develop an active, inquisitive interest in the subject, perhaps even a passion, to sharpen their learning tools, and ideally for all students to simply enjoy the ride of learning something significant that they didn’t know before
  • Possessing a Prepared Mind: this often quoted precondition for intellectual “luck” is what the students take with them from the Knowledge Mastery and Personal Transformation above into their next encounters, in whatever domains, that makes a difference, that helps them to do what they could not have done before.

Knowledge Mastery

An ancient Chinese proverb says “Give a man a fish, and he eats for a day. Teach him how to fish, and he eats for a lifetime.” My ideas for teaching knowledge mastery would be both to teach “how to fish” and to recognize “what kind of a fish that is”, or equivalently, “how to master the domain and explore what the domain is like”.

For a given type of domain (what to fish), I would give assignments or hand-on activities that mimic the real world situations or problems that students will encounter in the workplace – tasks that meet prescribed learning objectives, are ordered based on prerequisites, and structured for skill expansions. I will pose problems that have some realism so they have a chance to hone their problem solving skills in a safe environment that is more forgiving than the workplace. Where feasible, the learning materials would be drawn from current events, issues of student interest, and core examples from the discipline.

To foster learning (how to fish), I would play the role of a community builder, whose passion and practices are focused on creating a natural, critical, collegial learning environment. Natural because students learn the skills, habits, and information while exploring the questions and tasks that are intrinsically interesting and fascinating to them. Critical so that students can understand, analyze, apply, synthesize, and evaluate evidence and conclusions. Finally, I strive to create collegial relationships between the students and me and among themselves. As a newcomer to the education enterprise, I will experiment with various types of learning environments, ranging from simulation exercises to role playing to debate. There may be opportunities to create scenarios where students can take opposite sides of a problem (e.g., protecting social media communications during a social uprising, as seen recently in Egypt, and thwarting the same from the government’s side).

Personal Transformation

I believe the abilities to think critically and to learn whole heartedly are important to personal transformation. The reasoning skills of Arnold Arons are powerful mental-medicine concentrated into just 10 little pills. These habits of thoughts, if students practice, develop, and possess them, will help them to answer the questions that their discipline raises. I see at least two uses of his ideas. One is to build the self-awareness questions into assignments (giving them a fish), and another would be to have students create a compact checklist of questions to ask, and introspective thoughts to have, while doing their reading and assignments (teaching them to fish). The checklists could really magnify a student’s ability by making them ask the right questions, questions they are capable of answering but just don’t know to ask, and questions whose answers can make a big difference. Finally, I will give them ample opportunities to practice critical thinking skills by writing short papers on open ended questions (this is something I am learning from Prof. Smith by complying with her weekly assignments).

I will also do my best to help make my students more adept and robust learners by integrating personal development into their intellectual progress. I will invite students to devote a little time to thinking about how they learn. Students may have different learning styles: some think of learning as relying on experts, getting the right answers and memorizing them, others are more comfortable with feelings-based judgments than with evidence and argumentation, some minimalists provide their teachers the bare minimum of what is asked, and still others need repeated reinforcement of what was learned. During class I might briefly point out where one way of learning may be more or less advantageous and why. This would challenge receptive students to think of consciously complementing their natural learning mode with another when that would serve them better. I could suggest how they might deal with the compromise involved in shifting styles (such as keeping a list of intriguing tangential course topics to revisit, when less pressed by the time demands of the syllabus into a more focused procedural learning mode).

Possessing a Prepared Mind

As most of my students will be undergraduates who often have an undeclared major or undecided specialty, I will strive to provide them the underlying general purpose learning concepts and tools that are portable to other disciplines. One part of developing a prepared mind is to cultivate the generic research and investigative skills that can be applied in new domains and contexts, e.g., to see the forest for the trees but also to know when to focus on one tree or to exploit analogies that relate trees and forests in one discipline to those in another. These are the powerful meta-learning techniques that allow a learner to solve a problem in one disciple by importing the analogous solution in another. These techniques allow students to mix their domain knowledge with other disciplines and create one of the most fertile areas for generating great new ideas. These well-prepared minds can then make the most of new intercultural or interdisciplinary interactions, expand what they know, and boost their contribution.

My “Secret Sauce”

I will also strive, while helping them in the above three components of learning, to give them a foundation on which, in their introspective moments, they can stand to view themselves as individuals and also to look beyond their present horizon and think about the bigger picture and contemplate their roles in society and organizations..

So much depends on the individual; I will try to understand as best I can who my students are as people. Certainly, I will be mindful of factors about their education that are revealed through their speech, writing, and behavior. But I would also, as an ideal, get to know them as individuals if possible. Since teaching will be my post retirement career, I would expect to be more extravagant with office hours and have the time to learn about my students So that I know: Who is the first college student in their family?, who wants to be a doctor?, get into UVA or Harvard?, and who might be working two jobs or sleeping in their car?

Lastly, I praise the values of their competency by setting expectations bar high but also compensate by encouraging them with the true fact that most companies quietly prize even the greenest intern because of their “new knowledge”, and even more, for their freshness of thought. They are prized because they have the power of not yet being burdened by preconceptions of what is and is not possible or what is the “right” way to approach a problem. I think that my teaching philosophy (that I will feel free to expand or revise as needed) will help me find  the delicate balance point needed in preparing youthful creative energy to encounter and successfully engage with the more rigid and deeper expertise found in the professional world.

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Khanh on Teaching Journal – week 5

The CyberPatriot National High School Cyber Defense Competition
White, G.B.; Williams, D.; Harrison, K.;
Security & Privacy, IEEE
Volume: 8 , Issue: 5
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/MSP.2010.166
Publication Year: 2010 , Page(s): 59 – 61
IEEE JOURNALS
AbstractPlus | Full Text: PDF (194 KB)

I selected the paper “The CyberPatriot National High School Cyber Defense Competition” by Professors White et al of the University of Texas at San Antonio for my week 5 journal reading.

Following my last post on this knowledge building forum, I am still in search of a cybersecurity curriculum for the undergraduates. My company, Northrop Grumman, provides significant funding to boost the CyberPatriot competition for the next three years. I selected the article thinking it may help fill my knowledge gap in developing a syllabus for our class assignment and also satisfy my curiosity about my company’s roles in cyber defense competitions.

The article tracks the historical establishment of CyberPatriot since 2005 to the current plan for the 2011 competition. A shortage of trained cybersecurity professionals has alarmed both government agencies and industries. To excite and motivate interest in cybersecurity for students who have not decided their career choices, the CyberPatriot National High School Cyber Defense Competition (www. Uscyberpatriot.org) has obtained support from the government (e.g., the US Air Force) and industry to expand the competition to the national level and open it to any interested teams enrolled in a US high school, for the 2011 competition.

In contrast to collegiate competitions in other disciplines, the high school programs emphasize the need to have a strong education or training component. This is because few high school teachers have cybersecurity background and students have less exposure or experience to the very subject in which they would compete. Regrettably the article merely cites kinds of media students use to learn in preparation for competitions, including videos, presentations, and manuals, but without mention the content of those materials, from which I had hoped to draw in creating a syllabus.

So…I am still in search of cybersecurity curriculum for the undergraduates.

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journal article 2/28

Anderson, G. T. (2005). Introductions in early childhood teacher education: Reflections on practice. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 26, 91-95.

While I was pondering how to approach my teaching philosophy assignment, I read this article from my chosen teaching journal. To my amazement and delight, the author shares her teaching philosophy, and she talks about classroom strategies to teach and encourage pre-service early childhood teachers to use similar strategies when they work with young children. This is a vivid description of the layers of learning I was trying to explain to you in our class: the professor teaches the early childhood teacher; the early childhood teacher teaches the child. Or in my case, the professor teaches the hope-to-be professor how to teach the teachers who teach the children!

Anderson brings to life theories of education by employing them in the classroom. She starts the semester by asking the students to work in small groups to present textbook chapters to the class. The groups use their own learning strengths and multiple intelligences (theory of Howard Gardner) to support and scaffold each other (theory of Vygotsky) to complete the work and present their learning. These methods incorporate the theories of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences, Lev Vygotsky’s social interaction, and Jean Piaget’s theory that links retention to student interest and understanding. The author’s hope is that her students are so excited about learning using her strategies that they will use similar strategies to teach children.

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Teaching Philosophy – First Draft

I have uploaded the first draft of my teaching philosophy.

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Pedagogy under construction: Learning to teach collaboratively

I chose an article about a unique teaching method for graduate students.  The report has some interesting findings and ideas regarding collaborative learning.  It can be helpful when discussing the various methods of teaching and providing a syllabus.

Abstract: Chen et al present a case study of a constructivist pedagogy class and argue for the use of constructivist theory in mass communication higher education. The case study involved a college professor who gave his students the choice to design their own curriculum and syllabus and chart their own course throughout their mass communications class.

Continue reading

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Brian M post for 28 Feb

Brian Melton

My article this week is titled “VISA:  Reducing Technological Impact n Student Learning in an Introductory Statistics Course” and is found at http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gh2x5v5.  Although not published in my usual journal choice, Journal of Statistics Education (JSE), it was found via a link in the JSE.  In choosing this article, I was considering the question, “How can technology be used effectively to teach introductory statistics?”  This would help guide me in the future in developing a course; whether I wanted the students to use more hands-on learning through the personal computer, or instead focus on concepts which are then reinforced through a statistical software package.

In this study the statistical software package used was Visual Interactive Statistical Analysis (VISA), an Excel-based analysis package designed to support student learning though a user friendly application.  The researchers compared the use of VISA through a computer lab environment, where each student learns how to use the tool on their own computer, to a classroom where the instructor only has the use of the program to demonstrate while using it as a tool for teaching the concepts.  The study was two fold.  The first was to see if there was a difference in student performance between the two groups.  The second was to argue that an introductory statistic class should be geared towards learning how to do decision-making using statistics, while downplaying the details of specific statistical tests.

The researchers discuss their literature review, provide a description of how the VISA tool is used, and conduct their experiment on the two learning groups.  The result of the study showed there was no difference in the level of learning between the two methods, and that the tool was relatively easy to learn and implement.  This would lead to more time in the classroom for teaching statistical concepts, rather than spending much time teaching how to use the software program.  The authors thus conclude that the use of the software tool can be an effective teaching tool in an introductory statistics course.

For me, in developing an introductory statistics course, the article is directly applicable and provides ideas worth considering.  If there is a software tool that can assist in the teaching of the course subject, it could prove very valuable.  However, there is one huge issue I have from the larger teaching perspective. 

The authors argue that an introductory statistics course should concentrate more on the role of statistics in decision making and less on the details of specific statistical tests.  Although it can be time-consuming up front, understanding the underlying math gives the decision-maker confidence in knowing what the statistics mean, and allows for a deeper understanding of the underlying assumptions and input parameters, thus improving the confidence in the decision.  The individual may not remember the underlying math, but will be able to go beyond just accepting the statistics at face value.  In this case I would be reluctant to use a software tool that, even though it may be user-friendly, gets away from achieving this deeper understanding.  Even though the authors conclude that learning statistical concepts in this manner is just as effective as using traditional methods, they admit that it may not help in developing statistical reasoning.  For me, the authors have it backwards.  A decision maker should understand the mathematical reasoning that underlies the statistic, and the use of software statistical programs could then be used as a time-saving tool.

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Building Questioning Strategies: Or, Why Am I Asking These Questions And Where Are They Taking Us?

This article is by Patricia O’Connell Killen. It’s from the journal I chose – “Teaching Theology and Religion.” You can find it here
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.mutex.gmu.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9647.2010.00622.x/full

This is a very practical article on all aspects of asking questions in teaching – as well as the importance of doing this better. The author talks about why to do this, how to do this, gives examples and insights into developing our own question strategies.

I especially found the following helpful:

Example of a Questioning Strategy:Assess, Sort, Order, Build. This is a strategy that I use in situations where: (a) students have read an important essay or large amount of material and I want to test their grasp of it; or (b) I want to take the pulse of where the students are in learning the material of a course. I put this chart onto the whiteboard in class (Table 1 see below). Then with students in pairs or triads, I have them go over the material they have read, discussing it in relation to these four categories. After the groups have worked, they fill in the categories on the board. Then we work with it as a whole class to see patterns, points of understanding, confusion, questions, and concerns. I can then help them strengthen their comprehension and analysis and build on their lacunae in terms of knowledge, analysis, and more.

This is what I know from the reading; this is how it is significant; and this is how it fits with the other material

This is what I know but I don’t know why I should know it (i.e., don’t grasp relationships among the parts or significance of the material)

Questions and Confusions

Objections

When I look back over my favorite teachers, one of the things that stands out about them is that they asked really good questions. They got us talking back to the teacher and with one another. They got us thinking at deeper levels. They led us to new questions and new discoveries.

I liked this article. It reminded me that I need to put more thought into why questions are important and how better to use them.
Bass

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Jennifer’s 2nd article from CCC

Gallagher, C.. “Being There: (Re)Making the Assessment Scene. ” College Composition and Communication 62.3 (2011): 450-476. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web.  27 Feb. 2011.

Because this article was focused on assessment, I thought it would be a good companion piece to the Driscoll and Wood readings.  In this article Gallagher discusses the current scene of assessment in general but with a particular focus on writing assessment.  He argues that assessment is now dominated by the “neoliberal logic” of market fundamentalism with private companies too often dictating how students should be assessed and pushing for standardization.  He argues that this scenario undermines faculty assessment expertise while favoring the expertise and products of the testing industry.  Gallagher also argues that the field of rhetoric and composition studies finds itself in the defensive position in this debate because our discourse too often focuses on “stakeholders”.  He goes on to propose “a rewriting of the assessment scene that abandons the stakeholder theory and asserts faculty and student agency in the form of leadership for writing assessment.” Gallagher, like many other faculty members in this field and others is frustrated by the recent push toward standardization and the loss of freedom and independence of faculty in creating their own curricula and assessments, and he puts the blame not only on private educational testing companies who pursue their own profits above authentic student learning, but he also blames faculty and educators for allowing this dynamic to occur without challenging the underlying logic and ideology of such a system.  While this piece is interesting, it is also a bit long and dry, and it is more applicable to abstract assessment theory rather than hands on practical tools for teaching.

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Teaching Philosophies

The George Mason University Center for Teaching Excellence provides an excellent guide to writing a teaching vita, philosophy and portfolio.  The section on preparing your teaching philosophy provides an excellent set of brainstorming questions, which generate not only ideas but also examples of successful learning and teaching.  It also includes a sample peer observation form, which should be helpful in your structuring of your own observation.

The University of Minnesota Center for Teaching and Learning also provides an excellent tutorial for the creation of a teaching philosophy and examples from a wide range of disciplines/fields.  Begin with the link on the left entitled “Getting Started” (horrible verb – avoid at all costs) and work through the remaining sections.

This presentation also refers to a “teaching philosophy rubric” which you may want to explore as a self-assessment project.  I tend to prefer soliciting the response of other teachers to a teaching philosophy but one of the advantages of our access to networked information is that we can explore all sorts of approaches to self-assessment, assessment and feedback.

Most colleges and universities now support centers for teaching excellence (although the names may differ slightly), and it is always worth checking the resources in your home institution.  But if you are applying for new positions, also check the center at those prospective employers, as you may gain crucial insight into the institution’s approaches to teaching and learning.

Hoping this material helps….

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Driscoll & Wood Chapters 4-6

After reading the three most recent chapters of Developing Outcomes-based Assessment for Learning-centered Education. I feel like the concepts and practices behind designing an outcomes-based class are becoming clearer. While the book title highlights assessment, I was deliberate to leave that word out of my previous statement because it is apparent that having outcomes-based assessments requires a complete overhaul of the standard course structure and is not a stylistic implementation that can simply be sprinkled into a traditional course structure.

Categorizing intelligences and learning styles illustrated how our current academic paradigms do not accommodate even half of the aforementioned and moreover, encourages (read forces) a typecasting of intelligence and learning style. While in many ways I do not think it is feasible to attempt to cover all seven intelligences and all four learning styles, especially in a larger classroom, being aware of the differences can aid when teachers help students on a more one-on-one context. Furthermore, as a teachers gets to know their class, they can adjust based on which intelligences/learning styles are more prevalent. I personally have worked towards addressing as many learning styles as I can. This is a skill I’ve honed through years of working with a wide variety of children at the martial arts school. The necessity to explain the same topic in two, three, four different ways to help kids understand has certainly helped me in the university setting.

My inability to alter the assignments for the class are a hindrance and major roadblock in addressing the varieties of intelligences. My primary question leaving this chapters though is how to encourage formative assignments and specifically how to finagle the standard assignments I am required to use into a formative process.

On page 99 of the text, the quote “Students’ writing quality or presentation is often a major distracter from our intended outcomes and criteria.” resonated with me and my teaching experiences. In my technology classes, the fact of the matter is that I have a large demographic of foreign students and specifically students whose first language is not English. This hurts my ability to use a full range of assessment strategies. However, I’ve used this deficiency as an area for formative development where I engage the students much more than a traditional IT class and they will develop presentation skills and hopefully diminish the feelings of “stage fright” that many students have.

The Outcome, Evidence, Criteria, Standards Model is going to be integral to my syllabus creation. From reading the text, it’s of the utmost importance to be clear in directions and this begins with the syllabus for the course. The current syllabus I’m provided with describes a timeline of lectures, quizzes, and assignments but has very little verbiage on outcomes, the criteria for the assignments, and the standards for the assignments. In fact, the lab assignment grading system is a simple binary scale for each “requirement”. Additionally, building on the ideas of multiple intelligences, I would like to consolidate the lab assignments and reduce them so there is not a programming assignment due every week, but rather alternate between concepts and actual syntax. This will allow the class to utilize evidences other than turning in a program every week. Lastly, I’d like to adjust the grading of assignments to better represent proper coding practices and displaying concepts rather than rewarding for proper syntax and “muscling out the program”. This will allow students a greater ability to grow and learn from past assignments instead of receiving feedback of “this component did not work”.

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